大约在第二至第三王朝的时候，埃及人产生了国王死后要成为神，他的灵魂要升天的观念。在《金字塔铭文》中有这样的话：“为他建造起上天的天梯，以便他可由此上到天上。”金字塔就是这样的天梯。同时，金字塔又表示对太阳神的崇拜，象征着刺破青天的太阳光芒。
Visited the Mysterious City 参观神秘的金字塔
Great Pyramid of Giza
Among the many pyramids， the most famous is the Great Pyramid of Giza， which is located in Giza region， about 13 km away from southwest of Cairo. This group includes three pyramids， it’s built for respectively， the fourth dynasty of ancient Egypt， Khufu， Kafu Le and Meng KaoLe.
Pyramid of Khufu was built in 2760 BC， which was the largest that coned labor of 10 million， and it took 30 years to complete in the history of a pyramid.
The entire pyramid was built in a huge protruding rock， covering about 52，900 square meters， the volume about 260 million cubic meters， is from about 2.3 million stone blocks. Among these rocks without any adhesive material， but a stone stacked directly on another stone， completely rely on the weight of its own pile of stones together， surface seams tight precision， even without a thin blade inserted into it.
The Great Pyramid of Khufu is the great wisdom of the working people， showing a high technological level of ancient workers and exquisite architecture， as a symbol of ancient Egyptian civilization.
Kafu Le Pyramid is slightly smaller than the Khufu pyramid， but its artistic style and precision engineering design， then can be compared. And because it built on a high plateau， at first glance， as if the more ambitious. The Taki is 215.7 m long， 143.6 m high， but also with limestone and granite masonry. It is more complete remains of outbuildings spectacular.
Meng KaoLe Pyramid is at the southern tip of the pyramid， the smallest， but very delicate. Its base is length of 108.7 meters， 66.5 meters high. It reflects the ancient Egyptian people reached a pinnacle of engineering， every day， it attracts thousands of international visitors.
Sphinx
The Sphinx stands in front of the Pyramid. It is the image of Hafla who is the fourth dynasty King Khufu’s son. It is called the Sphinx， 20 meters high， 57 meters long， only one ear up to two meters high. Except stone claws， the whole Sphinx is like a large natural rock-hewn. Pharaoh Sphinx symbolizes the right of supreme， prestige to be infringed.
吉萨大金字塔
在众多金字塔中，最为著名的是吉萨大金字塔，它位于开罗西南约13公里的吉萨地区。这组金字塔共有三座，分别为古埃及第四王朝的胡夫、卡夫勒和孟考勒所建。
胡夫金字塔兴建于公元前2760年，这是当时征召了10万劳力、前后历时？30年才建成的历史上最大的一座金字塔。
整个金字塔建在一块巨大的凸形岩石上，占地约5.29万平方米，体积约260万立方米，是由约230万块石块砌成。这些石块之间没有任何黏着物，而是一块石头直接叠在另一块石头上，完全靠石头自身的重量堆砌在一起的，表面接缝处严密精确，连一个薄刀片都插不进去。
胡夫大金字塔凝聚了劳动人民的非凡智慧，显示了古代不可思议的高度科技水平与精湛的建筑艺术，成为古埃及文明的象征。
卡夫勒金字塔比胡夫金字塔略小，但其艺术风格与工程设计的精确，均可与之媲美。而且由于其建在一块较高的台地上，乍看上去，仿佛更雄伟。塔基底长215.7米，高143.6米，也是用石灰岩和花岗石砌筑的。它所遗存的附属建筑较为完整壮观。
孟考勒金字塔位于南端，体积最小，但十分精致。它的底边长108.7米，高66.5米。它体现了古代埃及人民炉火纯青的工程技术，每天都吸引着千千万万的各国游客。
狮身人面像
金字塔前有座狮身人面像，是古国王第四王朝法老胡夫的儿子哈沸拉的形象，它叫斯芬克斯，高20米，长57米，仅一只耳朵就有两米高。除狮爪是用石头砌成之外，整个狮身人面像是一块天然的大岩石凿成的。斯芬克斯象征着法老的权利至高无上，威不可侵。
The Mystery of Digital Pyramid 金字塔的数字之谜
Someone made the number of the mystery in the Great Pyramid contains. Listed below：
Perimeter of the underside of the Great Pyramid is 230.36 m， to 362.31 Cupitt. The number is similar to the number of days in a year.
The original height of the Great Pyramid is 146.7 m， by 10 million， approximately equal to the distance between Earth and the Sun.
Great Pyramid base length of 4 and the height divided by twice is 3.14， that is circumference ratio.
The weight of the Great Pyramid itself， multiplied by 7 × 1，015 is exactly the weight of the earth.
Relationship between these figures is a coincidence， or intention of design builders， scientists are still debating.
有人提出了许多蕴含在大金字塔中的数字之谜。列举如下：
大金字塔的底面周长230.36米，为362.31库比特，这个数字与一年中的天数相近。
大金字塔的原有高度146.7米乘以10亿，约等于地球到太阳之间的距离。
大金字塔4个底边长之和，除以高度的两倍，即为3.14，那是圆周率。
大金字塔本身的重量乘上7×1，015恰好是地球的重量。
这些数字关系是一种偶然巧合，还是建造者的有意设计，科学家们仍在争论。
The Difficult Construction Process 艰辛的建造过程
In 2480 BC， King Khufu began to rule the ancient Egyptian. Just liking other Pharaohs， when he took the throne， he was ready to construct his tomb after his death. Thus， in each summer， the royal family traveled along the Nile River and selected strong-bodied men from each village to service for the king as the labors for the construction of the Great Pyramid.
They were divided into large groups of 100 thousand people and each group worked for three months. Among these workers， there were slaves， ordinary farmers and artisans. The slaves of Ancient Egypt used the animals’ power and bowls to transport the rocks to the construction sites. Then they piled the natural sand around into a slope and pulled the rocks up to the pyramid along the slope. In this way， they piled a layer of slope and built a layer of rocks， increasing the height of the pyramid gradually.
But when the pyramid became higher， the long slope became no longer applicable. During the final project， the architects chose to build spiral ramps which saved more raw materials.
The processing and handling of the cone-shaped rectangular top stone were more cautious than other stones， because it’s side was very smooth. The masons made a special rock bolt which was struck out at the bottom of the rock. The workers could rotate the stone to make the rock bolt fitted the groove and fixed the top stone.
When the top stone was put away， the pyramid had been built actually completed， but the outside of the tower still needed final dressing. The outer spiral ramp was required to remove and the stones of the slope should be added. All these made the appearance of the pyramid so smooth.
In 2460 BC， the pyramid of Khufu was finally completed after 20 years of construction.
Now the visitors can see stones of the slope without outer ring， because during the construction of Cairo in Middle Ages， these stones were removed as building materials.
