是夜
林夕千邪坐在电脑桌旁，刷新着电脑上的网页。
安洛躺在她身后的床上，划拉着手机，眉头越皱越深。
突然，安洛把手机一下子摔在床上，然后抱头哀鸣。
“啊啊啊！为什么会这样？为什么？”
“啧，你这家伙，又怎么了？”林夕千邪转过身，看着在床上打滚的安洛。
“千邪，我跟你讲啊，我们老师像疯了一样，疯狂布置作业，还要线上考试。高中生真的是太难了。”安洛有气无力地回答到。
“这么说来，确实有点奇怪了。”林夕千邪沉吟两秒，说到。
“所以我怀疑有一个属性为【考试】的【恶念】活化了。而我因为某些特殊的缘故，没有受到影响。”
“照你这么说，是不是如果我们清除了这个属性为【考试】的【恶念】，就不用考试了？”安洛兴奋地问到。
“不是，但老师一定会停止这种疯狂布置作业的行为。”林夕千邪回答到。
“那么，我们赶紧出发吧！”安洛元气满满地说到。
..............................
学校上空
“学校是我唯一能联想到的，可以和【考试】与学生链接起来的地方。所以说，这个属性为【考试】的【恶念】有很大概率在学校里被活化。”林夕千邪抱着安洛，拍打着双翼，对安洛说到。
“我已经看到祂了。”安洛说到。
只见两人前方，有一座由书籍，纸张，笔等等等等与考试有关的东西堆积而成的高塔。那座书籍高塔身上，还有着数条由纸张构成，扭曲的手臂。
【恶念】——【考试】！
似乎是察觉到了两人的注视，书籍高塔朝着两人挥舞起了祂的手臂。刹那间，无数的书籍，试卷向两人飞来，铺天盖地！
两人避而不及，被无尽的书籍淹没。
.................正文开始
“洛洛，今天是考试的日子，你有把握吗？”白发少女拉着身边黑发少女的手，问到。
“或许吧...”黑发少女回答到。
“那么，这次考试就靠你了！”白发少女说到。
考场上
安洛看向了试卷。
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一、选择题(每小题5分，共35分)
1．sin22°30′cos22°30′等于()
A. B. C. D．1
2．已知α为第二象限角，sinα＝，则sin2α＝()
A．－ B．－ C. D.
3．已知角α的终边与单位圆x2＋y2＝1交于点P，则cos2α等于()
A．－ B. C．－ D．1
4．已知sinα＝，则sin4α－cos4α的值为()
A．－ B．－ C. D.
5.的值是()
A．sin2 B．－cos2 C.cos2 D．－cos2
6．若△ABC的内角A满足sin2A＝，则sinA＋cosA等于()
A. B．－ C. D．－
7．若cosα＝－，α是第三象限的角，则等于()
A．－ B. C．2 D．－2
二、填空题(每小题5分，共20分)
8．若sin＝，则cos2θ＝.
9．计算：tan－＝.
10．若cos2θ＝－，则sin4θ＋cos4θ＝.
11．函数f(x)＝sin2的最小正周期是.
三、解答题(本大题共2小题，共25分．解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤)
12．(12分)求下列各式的值：
(1)coscos；(2)(cos－sin)(cos＋sin)；
(3)－cos2；(4)sin10°sin30°sin50°sin70°.
13．(13分)已知cosα＝，cos(α－β)＝，且0<β<α<.
(1)求tan2α的值．(2)求β.
14．(5分)已知sin＋sin＝，则的值为.
15．(15分)已知函数f(x)＝cos2－sincos－.
(1)求函数f(x)的最小正周期和值域．(2)若f(α)＝，求sin2α的值．
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“数学很简单嘛。”安洛自信的想到。
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1．(机械能的理解)一个物体在运动的过程中所受的合力为零，则这个过程中()
A．机械能一定不变
B．物体的动能保持不变，而势能一定变化
C．若物体的势能变化，机械能一定变化
D．若物体的势能变化，机械能不一定变化
2．(机械能守恒的判断)下列运动的物体，机械能守恒的是()
A．物体沿斜面匀速下滑
B．物体从高处以0.9g的加速度竖直下落
C．物体沿光滑曲面滑下
D．拉着一个物体沿光滑的斜面匀速上升
3．(机械能守恒定律的应用)以相同大小的初速度v0将物体从同一水平面分别竖直上抛、斜上抛、沿光滑斜面(足够长)上滑，如图所示，三种情况达到的最大高度分别为h1、h2和h3，不计空气阻力(斜上抛物体在最高点的速度方向水平)，则()
A．h1＝h2>h3 B．h1＝h2<h3
C．h1＝h3<h2 D．h1＝h3>h2
4．(含弹簧类机械能守恒问题)如图所示，在高1.5 m的光滑平台上有一个质量为2 kg的小球被一细线拴在墙上，小球与墙之间有一根被压缩的轻质弹簧。当烧断细线时，小球被弹出，小球落地时的速度方向与水平方向成60°角，则弹簧被压缩时具有的弹性势能为(g取10 m/s2)()
A．10 ***．15 J C．20 J D．25 J
5．(含弹簧类机械能守恒问题)如图所示，固定的竖直光滑长杆上套有质量为m的小圆环，圆环与水平状态的轻质弹簧一端连接，弹簧的另一端连接在墙上，并且处于原长状态，现让圆环由静止开始下滑，已知弹簧原长为L，圆环下滑到最大距离时弹簧的长度变为2L(未超过弹性限度)，则在圆环下滑到最大距离的过程中()
A．圆环的机械能守恒
B．弹簧弹性势能变化了mgL
C．圆环下滑到最大距离时，所受合力为零
D．圆环重力势能与弹簧弹性势能之和保持不变
6．(多物体机械能守恒)(多选)如图所示，在两个质量分别为m和2m的小球a和b之间，用一根长为L的轻杆连接，两小球可绕穿过杆中心O的水平轴无摩擦地转动。现让轻杆处于水平位置，然后无初速度释放，重球b下落，轻球a上升，产生转动，在杆转至竖直的过程中()
A．b球的重力势能减少，动能增加
B．a球的重力势能增加，动能增加
C．a球和b球的总机械能守恒
D．a球和b球的总机械能不守恒
7．(多物体机械能守恒)(多选)如图所示，a、b两物块质量分别为m、3m，用不计质量的细绳相连接，悬挂在定滑轮的两侧。开始时，a、b两物块距离地面高度相同，用手托住物块b，然后由静止释放，直至a、b物块间高度差为h，不计滑轮质量和一切摩擦，重力加速度为g。在此过程中，下列说法正确的是()
A．物块a的机械能守恒
B．物块b的机械能减少了mgh
C．物块b机械能的减少量等于物块a机械能的增加量
D．物块a、b与地球组成的系统机械能守恒
8．(综合)(多选)如图所示，A、B、C、D四图中的小球以及小球所在的左侧斜面完全相同，现从同一高度h处由静止释放小球，使之进入右侧不同的轨道：除去底部一小圆弧，A图中的轨道是一段斜面，高度大于h；B图中的轨道与A图中轨道相比只是短了一些，且斜面高度小于h；C图中的轨道是一个内径略大于小球直径的管道，其上部为直管，下部为圆弧形且与斜面相连，管的高度大于h；D图中的轨道是个半圆形轨道，其直径等于h。如果不计任何摩擦阻力和拐弯处的能量损失，小球进入右侧轨道后能到达h高度的是()
9．(综合)如图所示，从光滑的圆弧槽的最高点由静止滑下的小物块，滑出槽口时速度沿水平方向，槽口与一个半球顶点相切，半球底面在水平面内，若要使小物块滑出槽口后不沿半球面下滑，已知圆弧轨道的半径为R1，半球的半径为R2，则R1与R2的关系为()
A．R1≤R2 B．R1≥R2
C．R1≤D．R1≥
10．(综合)如图所示，光滑圆轨道固定在竖直面内，一质量为m的小球沿轨道做完整的圆周运动。已知小球在最低点时对轨道的压力大小为N1，在最高点时对轨道的压力大小为N2。重力加速度大小为g，则N1－N2的值为()
A．3mg B．4mg C．5mg D．6mg
11．(综合)某游乐场过山车简化为如图所示模型，光滑的过山车轨道位于竖直平面内，该轨道由一段斜轨道和与之相切的圆形轨道连接而成，圆形轨道的半径为R，可视为质点的过山车从斜轨道上某处由静止开始下滑，然后沿圆形轨道运动。
(1)若要求过山车能通过圆形轨道最高点，则过山车初始位置相对于圆形轨道底部的高度至少要多少？
(2)考虑到游客的安全，要求全过程游客受到的支持力不超过自身重力的7倍，过山车初始位置相对于圆形轨道底部的高度不得超过多少？
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“物理也不难。”
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高一年级英语试卷
说明：本试卷为闭卷笔答，答题时间60分钟，满分100分。
第I卷（共75分）
完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）
Recently I had an experience of eating dinner at a “dark restaurant“， where people eat in complete 1 . Diners eat their whole meal in total blackness and have to 2 the waiters' guidance if they need to go to the bathroom. I wanted to understand the experience of being 3 . Then I found out eating was a really4 activity.
It was a special meal. Because we couldn’t see where anything was， my friend and I knocked down glasses and 5 food. Even though my senses of taste and 6 became more sensitive （敏感的），I had to eat much more slowly， trying to 7 what I was eating. 8 water was without doubt difficult， and I even kept drinking from my friend's glass.
After failing to 9 any food with a fork for five minutes， I decided to use my 10 . I reached down， expecting rice and vegetables， but instead， I stuck my hand into a bowl of warm， thick soup.“Ahh...!““It's best to use a 11 for this soup，” the waiter said into my ear. It was 12 but much too late. Even using a spoon， most of the soup ended up on my shirt. I felt 13 ， even though no one could see me.
Our waiter advised us to lift the plates and bowls close to our faces. Only in this way was I able to eat something. 14 ， when I left the restaurant， I still felt 15 . Anyway， through this special dining， I was much more aware of the challenges that blind people face.
1. A. surprise
B. darkness
C. pity
D. honor
2. A. give up
B. care about
C. rely on
D. turn down
3. A. blind
B. smart
C. rich
D. quiet
4. A. boring
B. moving
C. difficult
D. traditional
5. A. made
B. dropped
C. threw
D. had
6. A. direction
B. satisfaction
C. sight
D. smell
7. A. guess
B. observe
C. afford
D. stand
8. A. Pouring
B. Spreading
C. Saving
D. Tasting
9. A. make up
B. give back
C. work out
D. pick up
10. A. hands
B. bowls
C. courage
D. intelligence
11. A. fork
B. spoon
C. knife
D. plate
12. A. incorrect
B. strange
C. helpful
D. fun
13. A. delighted
B. embarrassed
C. sad
D. unknown
14. A. So
B. Besides
C. However
D. Instead
15. A. angry
B. excited
C. sick
D. hungry
阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分）
A Utah Mask Exhibition
The Utah Art Festival is looking for artists to take part in our yearly Mask Exhibition， shown at the Utah Art Festival Gallery from February 7th to February 21st， 2020. Our aim of this Mask Exhibition is not only to bring public attention to the works of local artists， but also raise money that will help us continue to hold an amazing Art Festival next year.
Application（申请）Requirements:
?Creative Masks We'd like the masks to be wearable， and also creatively related to our style.
?Reasonable Price We'd like to offer all kinds of masks at different prices. On the application you will be asked to price your works.
?Typical Samples （样品）This can be a photo of the previous masks you've created， or a drawing of an idea you have for a mask — anything that gives us a general idea of what the final product might look like.
?Brief Introduction It's about the creation background of your works.
Project Timeline:
November 8th — Deadline for submission （递交）of application and sample of your works. November 15th — The artists will be emailed if their works are accepted.
January 28th — Final masks must be offered to the Arts Festival offices with an agreement. February 7th through 21st — Exhibition will be open to the public.
February 25th — Unsold masks will be returned to the owners.
21.Which of the following is the aim of the 2020 Mask Exhibition?
A. To collect masks for the gallery.B. To know the world-famous works.
C. To raise money for next Art Festival.D. To attract the attention of local artists.
22. What are the artists required to do in the application?
A. Set a price for their works.B. Hand in the final products.
C. Wear their masks in the exhibition.D. Introduce the artists' background.
23. Which is TRUE according to the text?
A. The Exhibition will be open for a month.B. Unsold masks will be dealt with by the office.
C. An agreement is needed about the sample masks.D. Artists will know if they are accepted on November 15th.
B
Kangaroos have long been a nuisance to many Australian farmers. Keeping these kinds of animals away from their crops and water supplies has become a continuous fight. A traditional way has been a series of the huge screaming （尖叫）from loudspeakers. Researchers have found that kangaroos often become used to these man-made sounds and take little notice of them.
Australian farmers could be about to get an unusual new weapon（武器）to protect their crops from kangaroos. Researchers in Melbourne have found that kangaroos can be frightened away by the loud sound of their own large feet. It appears to be quite a breakthrough. This is the noise these animals make when they feel danger before running away quickly. Using the animals’ own alarm system could be what angry farmers have been looking for.
Animal rights protectors are happy about this new finding. When people complain that the number of' kangaroos has risen quickly， they say that a large number of kangaroos have been killed or injured on Australian roads by cars and trucks. Also， they don't want several million to be shot dead every year by human beings. Researchers， who are hoping to develop their footstep sound technology， believe it could also be used to lead kangaroos away from busy highways. The protectors are in favor of this solution which can prevent kangaroos from being harmed and also please the farmers.
24.What problem do kangaroos bring to Australian farmers?
A. Breaking into houses.B. Making noises.
B. Frightening farmers.D. Destroying crops.
25.What is the new way to drive away kangaroos?
A. Cutting off water supplies.B. Killing them with guns.
C. Using the sound of their own footstep.D. Sending man-made sound through loudspeakers.
26.Why do animal rights protectors agree with this new solution?
A. Because it costs less.B. Because they prefer new technology.
C. Because it's a prevention — and — protection way.D. Because it can help reduce the traffic accidents.
C
Many of us were delighted to learn that a high school senior Kwasi Enin was accepted to all eight Ivy （常青藤）League universities. To our surprise， he wasn't excited as expected， but appeared extra calm. He announced that he would revisit the universities to find the best suitable in music or medicine. He also wanted to compare their financial aid packages.
Kwasi's success story is rare， but his reaction is not. After the admission letters arrive at home， students have 30 days to really think about what kind of school would help them grow as a person， which school would best prepare them for the future， and at which school they would be happiest. And they also have to think about whether they can afford the school they choose.
But how to answer the questions about which school is the best suitable university? Some young people are attracted to large universities with great school spirit and a list of offerings. But besides those advantages， many of these universities focus on graduate work and research， with undergraduates （本科生）taught mostly by part-time instructors. Others are attracted to smaller boarding schools with discussion-based classes. But some of these schools will have much limitation for students who want a high-energy city life experience.
Many students today seem to think they should pick the university where they will get the diploma that will help them get the most highly paid job. This is a sad misunderstanding of what a college education should provide. A good college education should prepare them to overcome any difficulty and thrive in society. It helps them to form the habit of creative mind and spirit that will continue to develop far beyond their university years. So when you choose college， you should consider if it is filled with useful learning to help create new spaces for different possibilities of growth.
27. What can we know about Kwasi Enin from paragraph 1?
A. He was from a very poor family. B. He would choose the top university.
C. He was too excited to calm himself at the good news. D. He considered his interests when choosing his university.
28. What can you infer from paragraph 2?
A. Few students can be admitted to university.B. Many students face the choices like Kwasi.
C. Top universities are the first choice for most students.
D. American students can afford their university by themselves.
29. which of the following can best explain the underlined word “thrive“ in paragraph 4?
A. fail.B. Succeed.C. Research.D. Work.
30. What should the best university be like according to the text?
A. Very large and have good instructors. B. Small boarding schools with discussion-based classes.
C. It will offer the diploma to get the most highly paid job.
D. It will help continue to develop far beyond university years.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
Until the 1980s， scientists were trained to ignore animal pain， according to the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However， today， scientists view humans as a species of animals， and largely accept that many species are capable of some level of self-awareness.__31__
If you hit another person in the face， you can estimate their pain level by what they do or say in response.___32___ Gradually， scientists have developed a set of indicators of pain response in non-human animals. Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are two major signs.
__33__ Some researchers argue lobsters (龙虾) are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain. Nonetheless， lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries， and learn to avoid dangerous situations. They are even believed to possess some level of consciousness. As a result， today most scientists agree that injuring a lobster causes physical pain.
Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain， it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal， many restaurants prefer more humane methods._34__ To satisfy picky diners， more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods.
Currently， the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes (电击) a lobster._35__ The following process of cooking is sure to cause no pain. In contrast， it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from boiling water during which time pain lasts.
A. But huge disagreement exists.
B. The creature instantly loses consciousness in half a second.
C. It beats the former method by saving chefs’ effort in cleaning the creature.
D. It’s difficult to assess pain in other species because we cannot communicate as easily.
E. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.
F. Except for moral consideration， many chefs believe stress negatively affects the flavor (味道) of the meat.
G. Legal prohibition becomes the major consideration for restaurants when choosing a cooking method.
语言知识运用:完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
Being jobless for the last three months， I am upset nowadays. My son has lost his ___41___ from a good school and he might have to go to a less qualified school. I have moved from a spacious (宽敞的) apartment to a small one in order to __42___ my living expenses. My wife has built extra stress. On top of that， my father in-law ___43___ a week ago， which has added fuel to fire，___44___ our family into a more terrible state.
In these circumstances I have two mental ___45___: either to feel upset and keep losing my peace of mind， or ___46___ my negative thoughts with super mental powers about self-confidence and consistency， and ___47___ applying for new jobs with positive attitude.
I choose the second option because I believe that the pain I am ___48___ today will build up my ___49___. My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a ___50___ man one day. I understand that good and bad stages are part of ___51___. While good times make me happy， bad times ___52___ the ‘inner’ me.
Two months later，___53___， I have finally landed on a job which is very exciting and offers a nice salary. Time has healed my wife’s mental stress ___54___ the death of her father. My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still ___55___!
As I am back on the track of normal life， I can ___56___ say that the most important things that helped me __57___ the crisis (危机) were my consistent character of patience， and ___58___ attitude towards life. So， while I wish you all the best life can ___59___ you， I would highly recommend taking the same attitude towards life ___60___ you are trapped in any of such situations.
41. A. admissionB. benefitC. diplomaD. permission
42. A. shareB. reduceC. breakD. raise
43. A. showed upB. set offC. fell downD. passed away
44. A. puttingB. findingC. formingD. lifting
45. A. problemsB. concernsC. choicesD. activities
46. A. linkB. replaceC. mixD. exchange
47. A. regretB. stopC. keepD. risk
48. A. practicingB. sufferingC. producingD. relieving
49. A. intelligenceB. bodyC. characterD. reputation
50. A. carfulB. hard-workingC. easy-goingD. successful
51. A. lifeB. wealthC. timeD. health
52. A. hideB. destroyC. strengthenD. kill
53. A. desperatelyB. unwillinglyC. hopefullyD. fortunately
54. A. regardless ofB. due toC. instead ofD. apart from
55. A. occupiedB. emptyC. openD. closed
56. A. disappointedlyB. surprisedlyC. deliberatelyD. confidently
57. A. fightB. meetC. changeD. delay
58. A. generalB. positiveC. friendlyD. honest
59. A. offerB. expectC. manageD. send
60. A. as ifB. in thatC. now thatD. in case
第II卷（25分）
短文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
It is reported that next year， Singapore will treat sugary drinks in the way that other countries treat cigarettes — no advertisements. The plan aims 61 (reduce) the high rate of sugar which may cause diabetes (糖尿病)and heart diseases. Thanks to its economic 62.(develop) and income growth， Asians have access to more and 63 (good) food than ever. However， Asian eaters， 64. have become richer， gradually begin to change their traditional diets to the food rich in fat and sugar. As 65. result， extra calories make them heavier. The effects of 66.(eat) unhealthily are serious. In the past twenty years， countries in the region 67.(see) the world’s largest increases in premature deaths because 68. the diseases related to sugar. Faced with 69.(it) serious situation， Singapore’s plan is 70.(certain) reasonable.
短文改错(满分10分)
Dear Tom，
I’m glad to hear that you are considering make up with Peter. If I were you， I would consider a bike for a birthday present.
As far as I know， Peter is always in poor health， so he should take more exercises by riding a bike to have his body build up. Meanwhile， you can often go out by bike together， which was helpful in rebuilding your friendship. Besides， taking a bike is environmentally friendly means of transport. It is convenient to get around as well. Apart from giving him a gift， and you can also adopt other means， such as traveling， seeing a movie， having dinner and going shopping. No matter how you do， being sincere is the most important. Don’t hesitate， and trying to take action. I really hope that we can make up and be good friends forever.
Best wishes!
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“英语...还好。”
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《杜甫诗三首》情境式默写练习
1.《秋兴八首》（其一）
1-1.《秋兴八首（其一）》用双关手法，情景交融抒发故园之思的句子是??????????????，?????????????。
1-2.《秋兴八首（其一）》以枫叶凋零、秋气萧瑟寄寓诗人凄苦落寞情怀的诗句是???????????????，?????????。
1-3.《秋兴八首（其一）》以秋天长江和塞上风云为喻，表现时局动荡不安、国家命运黯淡的诗句是??????????，??????????。
1-4.《秋兴八首（其一）》借捣衣的声音来寄托思乡之情的诗句是?????????，????????。
1-5.《秋兴八首》（其一）中“????，???”两句，写由秋天景物触动羁旅情思。作者从云安到夔州苦苦挣扎了两年，孤舟不发，见丛菊再开，不禁再度流泪，心总牵挂着故园。写得深沉含蓄，耐人寻味。身在夔州，心系故园。
1-6.《秋兴八首》（其一）中“????，????”两句，在时序推移中叙写秋声。傍晚时分天气更是萧瑟寒冷，冬日即将来临，人们在加紧赶制寒衣，白帝城高高的城楼上，晚风中传来急促的砧声，抒发了客子强烈的羁旅之情。
2.《咏怀古迹五首》（其三）
2-1.《咏怀古迹》运用悲戚的想象，表现昭君的怨恨之情、思乡之情以及人生悲剧根源的句子是???????????????，????????????????。
2-2.《咏怀古迹》中运用拟人，借山水形象蓄势，用以烘托昭君形象的诗句是????????????，?????????????。
2-3.《咏怀古迹》借远嫁塞外的女子的乡土之思，吐露诗人自己飘零的故园之情的诗句是??????????????????，???????????????????。
2-4.《咏怀古迹》中凝练地写尽昭君一生悲剧的句子是????????????????????????，??????????????????。
3.《登高》
3-1.《登高》由高到低，写诗人所见所闻，渲染秋江景物特点的句子是????????，??????????。
3-2.《登高》道出郁积诗人心中自身苦和国运恨，无限悲凉难以排遣的句子是??????????，????????????????。
3-3.《登高》中诗人远离故乡，又处暮年，表达羁旅之愁和孤独之感的句子是?????????????，????????????。
3-4.《登高》借落叶和江水来抒发光阴易逝、壮志难酬的感伤的句子是??????????????，????????????????。
3-5.杜甫《登高》中集中表现夔州秋天的典型特征，渲染秋江景物特点的句子是?????????????，??????????????。
3-6.杜甫一生失意，常陷入病痛孤独之境，《登高》一诗对此都有直接描述，这些句子是：??????????????，????????????????。
3-7.写远望所见，用传神之笔描写凄冷江色和长江气势的句子是：???????????，???????????。
3-8.杜甫在《登高》中发出：“??????????，????????”的感慨，抒发了漂泊异乡．年老体衰的惆怅之情，也蕴含着与生命的衰弱顽强抗争的精神。
3-9.情景交融，意境旷达，极写自己羁旅之愁和孤独之感的句子是：??????????????，????????????????。
3-10.表现本诗的主旨的句子是：?????????，???????????。
3-11.古诗文常以“风”为意象烘托意境，如杜甫《登高》中的“??????，??????”。
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“语文是真的简单。”
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1.下列反应属于放热反应的是（）
A．氢气还原氧化铜 B．氢气在氧气中燃烧
C．氢氧化钾和硫酸中和 D．碳酸钙高温分解成氧化钙和二氧化碳
2.下列反应属于吸热反应的是（）
A．二氧化碳与赤热的碳反应生成一氧化碳 B．葡萄糖在人体内氧化分解
C．Ba(OH)2·8H2O与NH4Cl反应 D．锌粒与稀H2SO4反应制取H2
3.已知反应X+Y= M+N为吸热反应，对这个反应的下列说法中正确的是（）
A. X的能量一定低于M的，Y的能量一定低于N的
B.因为该反应为吸热反应，故一定要加热反应才能进行
C.破坏反应物中的化学键所吸收的能量小于形成生成物中化学键所放出的能量
D. X和Y的总能量一定低于M和N的总能量
4.等质量的氢气在足量的氧气中燃烧，生成水蒸气时放出热量Q1，生成液态水时放出
量Q2，则Q1与Q2的关系是（）
A. Q1>Q2 B.Q1<Q2 C.Q1=Q2 D.无法确定
5.下列叙述正确的是（）
A.化学键存在所有物质中
B.化学键的断裂和形成是化学反应能量变化的主要原因
C .无论强酸还是弱酸与NaOH溶液反应测得中和热的数值是相等的
D.当反应物的总能量高于生成物的总能量时，该反应放出能量
6.氢气在氯气中燃烧时产生苍白色火焰。在反应过程中，破坏1 mol氢气中的化学键消
耗的能量为Q1 kJ，破坏1 mol氯气中的化学键消耗的能量为Q2 kJ，形成1 mol氯化
氢中的化学键释放的能量为Q3 kJ。下列关系式中，正确的是（）
A.Q1+Q2>Q3B.Q1+Q2>2Q3
C.Q1+Q2<Q3D.Q1+Q2<2Q3
【达标反馈】
1.下列说法正确的是（）
A.化学反应中的能量变化都表现为热量的变化
B.需要加热才能发生的反应一定是吸热反应
C.放热反应在常温下一定很容易发生
D.反应是吸热还是放热必须看反应物和生成物所具有的总能量的大小
2.对于放热反应A+B—→C+D，以下说法正确的是(EA、EB、EC、ED、分别表示A、B、C、D所具有的能量（）
A. EA > EC B. EA > EC + ED C. EA + EB > EC + ED D. EA + EB < EC + ED
3.下列反应中属吸热反应的是（）
A.镁与盐酸反应放出氢气 B.氢氧化钠与盐酸的反应
C.硫在空气或氧气中燃烧 D.Ba(OH)2?8H2O与NH4Cl反应
4．对于放热反应：2H2 + O2 = 2H2O，下列说法正确的是（）
A．产物H2O所具有的总能量高于反应物H2和O2所具有的总能量
B．反应物H2和O2所具有的总能量高于产物H2O所具有的总能量
C．反应物H2和O2所具有的总能量等于产物H2O所具有的总能量
D．反应物H2和02具有的能量相等
5.已知金刚石在一定条件下转化成石墨是放热的。据此，以下判断或说法正确的是（）
A．需要加热方能发生的反应一定是吸热反应
B．放热反应在常温下一定很容易发生
C．反应是放热还是吸热，必须看反应物和生成物所具有的总能量的相对大小
D．吸热反应在一定条件下也能发生
6.已知反应X+Y＝M+N为放热反应，对该反应的说法正确的是（）
A．X的能量一定高于M B．Y的能量一定高于N
C. X和Y的总能量一定高于M和N的总能量
D．因为该反应为放热反应，故不必加热就可发生ww
7.下列叙述正确的是（）
A.化学键存在所有物质中
B.化学键的断裂和形成是化学反应能量变化的主要原因
C.无论强酸还是弱酸与NaOH溶液反应测得中和热的数值是相等的
D.当反应物的总能量高于生成物的总能量时，该反应吸收能量
8.请根据下列信息判断氢气燃烧生成水蒸气时的热量变化，下列说法正确的是（）
A.吸收热量 B.生成1molH2O吸收热量245kJ
C. 2molH和1molO所具有的能量大于1molH2和1/2molO2所具有的总能量
D.氢气和氧气的总能量大于水的能量
9．2.0 g H2(g)在O2(g)中完全燃烧，生成H2O(g)，放出热量Q kJ。则下列说法正确的是（）
A.若生成H2O(l)，则放出热量大于Q k*****.若使用H2(l)，则放出热量大于Q kJ
C.若使用O2(s)，则放出热量大于Q kJ
D.电解90.0 g液态水，需要吸收Q kJ的热量
课后巩固学案
1．氢氧化钠与盐酸的反应属于（）
A．吸热反应 B．放热反应 C．既是吸热反应也是放热反应 D．都不是
2．下列物质加入水中显著放热的是（）
A．生石灰 B．固体NaCl C．无水乙醇 D．固体NH4NO3
3．关于吸热反应的说法正确的是（）
A．凡需加热的反应一定是吸热反应 B．只有分解反应才是吸热反应
C．使用催化剂的反应是吸热反应
D．CO2与CaO化合是放热反应，而CaCO3分解是吸热反应
4.近年来，广州市的大部分公交车及部分出租车已采用LPG（液化石油气）作为汽车的
燃料，其主要目的在于（）
A．缓解石油短缺 B．降低成本 C．减少对大气的污染 D．加大发动机的动力
5．“可燃冰”又称“天然气水合物”，它是在海底的高压、低温条件下形成的，外观像冰。1
体积“可燃冰”可贮载100～200体积的天然气。下面关于“可燃冰”的叙述不正确的是
A．“可燃冰”有可能成为人类未来的重要能源（）
B．“可燃冰”是一种比较洁净的能源
C．“可燃冰”提供了水可能变成油的例证
D．“可燃冰”的主要可燃成分是甲烷
6．下列说法正确的是（）
A．物质发生化学反应不一定都伴随着能量变化
B．伴有能量变化的物质变化都是化学变化
C．在一个确定的化学反应中，反应物的总能量与生成物的总能量一定不同
D．在一个确定的化学反应关系中，反应物的总能量总是高于生成物的总能量
7．下列说法不正确的是（）
A．焦炭在高温下与水蒸气的反应是吸热反应
B．氢氧化钾与硝酸的反应是放热反应
C．燃料有足够的空气也不一定能充分燃烧
D．化学反应的过程，都可以看成是“贮存”在物质
内部的能量转化为热能等而被释放出来的过程
8．2C + O2 = 2CO，2CO + O2 = 2CO2 都是放热反应据此推断，下列说法不正确的是（其他条件相同）（）
A．12gC所具有的能量一定高于28gCO所具有的能量
B．56gCO和32gO2所具有的总能量大于88gCO2所具有的总能量
C．12gC和32gO2所具有的总能量大于44gCO2所具有的总能量
D．将一定质量的碳燃烧，生成CO2比生成CO时放出的热量多
9．从能量的角度看，断开化学键要，形成化学键要。
化学反应是释放能量还是吸收能量取决于_______________________。
10．当反应物的总能量高于生成物时，该反应为反应；当反应物的总能量低于生成物时，该反应为反应。
11．下列反应中，属于放热反应的是，属于吸热反应的是。①煅烧石灰石（主要成分是CaCO3）制生石灰（CaO）②燃烧木炭取暖③炸药爆炸④酸与碱的中和反应⑤生石灰与水作用制熟石灰⑥金属钠与水反应
12．一切化学反应除了有物质的变化外，还伴随着__的变化，它们分别遵循定律和定律。能量变化通常主要表现为的变化，即____或者。
13．在氢气与氯气反应生成氯化氢气体的反应中，若断裂1mol H - H键要吸收436 kJ
的能量，断裂1mol Cl-Cl键要吸收243kJ的能量，断裂1molH-Cl键要吸收432 kJ的能量，则在Cl2中充分燃烧1mol H2 的能量变化是 kJ热量。
14．如下图所示，把试管放入盛有25℃饱和石灰水的烧杯中，试管中开始放入几小块
镁片，再在试管中用滴管滴入5 mL稀盐酸。试回答下列问题：
（1）实验中观察到的现象是
_______________________________________________________。
产生上述现象的原因是_______________________。
（3）由实验推知，MgCl2溶液和H2的总能量_____________
（填“大于”“小于”或“等于”）镁片和盐酸的总能量。
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“化学不差。”
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探究点一：内环境的动态变化（阅读教材P7）
稳态就是稳定不变的状态吗？为什么？
例1、从事养殖业的人员都知道这样一个常识：大多数海产鱼类不能在淡水中生存，因为在淡水中（）
A．氧浓度较低 B．不能维持体内水分平衡
C．缺少食用的动、植物 D．二氧化碳浓度较高
例2.人在静脉注射时所用的生理盐水的浓度必须与血浆浓度基本相同，其中原因是（）
A.维持内环境渗透压的稳定B.使体内增加水分
C.使体内增加无机盐 D.使体内营养物质保持稳定
探究点二：对稳态调节机制的认识
（1）你有过发高烧的经历吗？谈谈高烧最严重时的感受。体温过高时为什么要采取物理降温或药物降温呢的措施？
（2）大量出汗或严重腹泻后，如果只喝水，不补充盐，内环境的渗透压会出现什么变化？这会带来怎样的结果？
(3)有人到青藏高原后会出现头疼、乏力，心跳加快甚至血压升高等症状，为什么？这说明外界环境与内环境稳态之间有什么关系？
例3.下列关于内环境稳态的叙述不正确的是（）
A.正常人血液中的pH通常在7.35～7.45之间
B.H2CO3/NaHCO3、NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4对血液中酸碱度起缓冲作用
C.内环境稳态的维持依赖于各器官系统的协调活动
D.内环境的稳态是体液调节的结果
【达标反馈】
1.人体中小肠的氨基酸进入骨骼肌细胞的正常途径是（）
A.血液→组织液→肌细胞 B.淋巴→血液→组织液→肌细胞
C.血液→淋巴→组织液→肌细胞 D.淋巴→组织液→肌细胞
2.长期营养不良，血浆蛋白含量降低，会引起组织水肿，其原因是（）
A.血浆渗入组织液的速度降低 B.组织液回渗速度降低，造成组织液积累
C.淋巴液的生成率降低 D.淋巴循环受阻
3.组织细胞产生的CO2，进入血浆需穿过几层膜结构（）
A.3层 B.4层 C.5层 D.6层
4.下列有关稳态的实质叙述中，正确的是：（）
A．稳态是机体通过消化、呼吸、循环、泌尿这四个系统的协调活动来维持的；
B．稳态是机体在神经系统的调节下，通过各器官、系统的协调活动来共同维持的；
C．在正常情况下，内环境的各项理化性质是保持不变的；
D．在正常情况下，内环境的各项理化性质经常处于变动之中，但都保持在适宜的范围内
5．下列关于人体内环境及其稳态的叙述，正确的是（）
A．葡萄糖以自由扩散方式从消化道腔进入内环境
B．H2CO3/NaHCO3对血浆PH相对稳定有重要作用
C．内环境的温度随气温变化而变化 D．人体的内环境即体液
【知识梳理】
三．课后巩固学案
【应知应会】
1.内环境的稳态是指（）
用于血液中缓冲物质的调节作用，使内环境维持在相对稳定的状态
内环境的温度、渗透压、各种化学物质的含量维持在一个恒定的水平
正常机体在神经系统、激素的调解下，通过各种组织、器官的协调活动。共同维持内环境的相对稳定状态
正常机体通过调节作用，使各器官、系统协调活动，共同维持内环境的相对稳定状态
2.维持血液pH恒定的缓冲物质（）
A.都是由强酸和强碱盐组成的B.都是由弱酸和弱碱盐组成的
C.都是由强酸和弱碱盐组成的D.都是由弱酸和强碱盐组成的
3.高等动物和人的内环境必须保持相对稳定，下列各项生理活动，与内环境的稳态没有直接关系的是（）
A.通过汗和尿排泄废物 B.将食物残渣形成粪便排出体外
C.血液运输氧气和废物 D.血浆中的二氧化碳增加会使呼吸加快
4.下列关于内环境稳态的叙述中，哪项是正确的是（）
内环境渗透压的相对稳定是机体细胞维持正常形态和功能的必要条件
CO2能够刺激呼吸中枢，内环境CO2浓度越高越有利于人体代谢
细胞代谢需要的能量主要来自葡萄糖氧化分解，血糖浓度升高具有促进代谢的作用
酶的活性受温度的影响，内环境的温度越高，酶的催化作用越强，代谢越快
5.有人到青藏高原后会出现头痛、乏力、心跳加快甚至血压升高等症状。对此现象分析不正确的是（）
人体维持稳态的调节能力是有一定限度的
当外界环境剧烈变化时，内环境的稳态可能遭到破坏
人体稳态不会随外界环境的变化而变化
人到高原地区后细胞代谢会发生紊乱
【拓展提升】
6.某同学以清水、缓冲液(含Na2HPO4、KH2PO4的溶液，pH＝7)和血浆分别为实验材料进行实验，探究“血浆是否具有维持pH稳定的功能”，主要实验步骤如下：
分别加入25 mL实验材料→测pH→滴加5 mL 0.1 mol/L的盐酸，摇匀→测pH→倒去烧杯中溶液后充分冲洗→重复实验并记录。
试回答下列有关问题：
(1)实验开始时都应测量三种材料的pH，其目的是____________。
(2)该同学用如图所示曲线来预期探究结果，试回答：
①预期结果中明显不科学的是________组，理由是________________________。
②实验中清水组和缓冲液组起______作用。实验可以得出的结论是______________________________________________________。
(3)如果要证明血浆确实具有维持pH稳定的功能，本探究实验还应该补充_______________________________________________________。
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“生物简单”
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【考试】庞大的身体慢慢消散，最后化为了一本巴掌大的书籍，落在了安洛手上。
“欸？怎么回事？辣么大一个【恶念】呢？”林夕千邪疑惑不解地问到。
“死了，在这里。”安洛平静地回答到。
林夕千邪有些呆滞。
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回家后，林夕千邪打开电脑，写到：“今明两天考试，鸽了。”
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【恶念】档案
？——？【考试】
评价：【极度危险】（划掉）
【弱小】
